I had a discussion in class with one of my teachers. He says that AI is and can only be always deterministic because “even a deep learning neural network is a set of equations running on a computer, and the stochastic factor is added at the beginning. But the output of a model is always deterministic, even if it’s not interpretable by humans.”
How would you reply? (Possibly with examples and papers)
Tysm!
I will give a difference answer, systems that do online learning are certainly not deterministic in the common sense of the world as their internal changes based on non deterministic behaviour.
Systems that rely on noise generation via non deterministic processes are also non deterministic.
This non determinism is rooted in the change of parts of the state or the input, but for identical state and inputs, the systems are deterministic as long as no bitflips or quantum effects occur in the silicon.