I had a discussion in class with one of my teachers. He says that AI is and can only be always deterministic because “even a deep learning neural network is a set of equations running on a computer, and the stochastic factor is added at the beginning. But the output of a model is always deterministic, even if it’s not interpretable by humans.”
How would you reply? (Possibly with examples and papers)
Tysm!
Ultimately it depends on whether the system is closed or open. If the system is closed (a model with inputs and outputs) then it’s deterministic. If the system is open (if it reaches out to the internet, it asks you for your own opinion, it hires mechanical turks from Amazon to fine tune it, etc) then it might not be deterministic (if any of the inputs are not deterministic).