Note: I do not in any way believe this. It’s just a “what if” crackpot thought I had when I woke up this morning to a dead, unrecognizable SSD in my “beater” laptop and filled out the warranty claim.
Cheap SSDs that have generous 3-5 year warranties (3 years in my case) are designed to “fail” sometime within that period so that you’ll send them in for RMA. They don’t fail due to any component failure, just a pseudo-randomly timed soft brick that can only be reactivated by the manufacturer. When you RMA it, they reset the killswitch and harvest your data. The replacement you get is just one that someone else has RMA’d that they have un-bricked.

Bricking is pretty much how SSDs fail IME. There’s no warning. There might be errors in the system while it fails, but then it’ll just be completely dead and not detected anymore.
I recommend always usung full disk encryption. Returns or no. I also generally never return or allow data storage to go in for repair as a policy.
Scary. Do you have any protocols for HDD or to prolong their longevity, like a minimum or maximum powering frequency?
Not the person you asked, but heat is the killer of SSDs. As well as unplugged (unpowered) and hot room for bit-rot data loss.
Edit, just realized you said HDD. In that case avoid power cycles. Those are the major contributer to mechanical failure, and use q filesystem that repairs itself from bit-rot so you don’t lose data.
I still have a 14 year old HDD that survived being spinning in a NAS for 10 years, SMART still is OK, but I am seeing bit-rot crop up in files so that now sits as a extra backup, should my good backup drives fail.
Interesting, I didn’t know that; what temp should dormant SSDs be kept in? And by not power-cycling, do you mean to just keep HDDs on 24/7?
There is a white paper on SSD and heat popping the electrons out of there trapped memory spots. I will have to search it. But an unpowered SSD in 40C will start showing signs of data loss in a week, hotter temps and your a could be gone in a month.
HDD, yes run it always instead of stop start
I’ve done a quick search but have not located the science article yet, I will check later. However the ssd standards have this. The device should meet that, but as you can see if you had a hot closet in India your data could be gone in 3 weeks.
Per JESD218, a client class SSD must maintain its data integrity at the defined BER for only 500 hours at 52°C (less than 21 days) or 96 hours at 66°C (only four days).
Now that makes me wonder how long SSDs’ data would last in freezing temps.